Keywords
COVID-19
Hospitalization
Non-communicable diseases
Clinical outcomes
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the clinical severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including lifestyle information, comorbidities, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory results. Clinical outcomes assessed included death, length of hospital stay, need for mechanical ventilation, pulmonary involvement, and other complications. Results: A total of 125 COVID-19 patients were included, of whom 42 had DM. The mean age with DM was higher (67.21 ± 11.05 years) compared to those without DM (52.13 ± 14.54 years) (p < 0.0001). The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension, found in 68 patients. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the DM group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients with DM showed significantly higher recent troponin I levels and greater pulmonary involvement compared to non-diabetic patients. There were 12 total deaths, 5 (11.9%) of which occurred in the DM group. Conclusions: The findings highlight the association between DM and COVID-19 progression in hospitalized patients, indicating that individuals with DM present greater pulmonary impairment and elevated troponin I levels, suggesting an increased risk of complications and worse clinical outcomes.
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