Risk factors for surgical wound dehiscence in abdominal surgeries

Abstract

Objective: To identify the main risk factors associated with the occurrence of wound dehiscence in abdominal surgeries, based on scientific literature from the past ten years. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using national and international databases, including studies published between 2014 and 2024, selected according to predefined eligibility criteria. Results: Analysis of 20 articles revealed that advanced age, obesity, and malnutrition are among the most frequently reported risk factors, as they directly impair the healing process. Surgical site infections, corticosteroid use, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency were also identified as conditions that increase the likelihood of dehiscence. In addition, prolonged surgical time, elevated intra-abdominal pressure, and inadequate wound closure techniques were consistently associated with higher incidence of this complication. The studies indicate that these factors contribute to increased morbidity, as well as to a longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs. Final considerations: Early identification and appropriate management of risk factors are essential to reduce postoperative complications and improve surgical outcomes. However, methodological variability among the analyzed studies limits broad generalization of the findings.