Effect of the aqueous extract of Gossypium herbaceum on lipid parameters and histopathological alterations in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Gossypium herbaceum aqueous leaf extract on lipid parameters and hepatic and cardiac histopathological alterations in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods: Experimental study with 25 female Wistar rats divided into five groups: control, high-fat diet, diet plus extract, diet plus exercise, and diet plus extract and exercise. The extract was administered orally (400 mg/kg). Serum biochemical analyses and histopathological evaluations were performed. Results: A reduction in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels was observed in groups treated with the extract, alone or combined with exercise. No significant changes were observed in HDL levels. Histopathological analysis showed reduced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, with no evidence of fibrosis or cardiac alterations. Conclusion: The results suggest that the aqueous extract of Gossypium herbaceum may exert a lipid-modulating effect and may indicate hepatoprotective potential, representing a possible experimental adjuvant strategy for dyslipidemia.