Abstract
Objective: To report a case of an immunosuppressed patient, admitted to the ward, who developed fusariosis and cryptococcosis coinfection due to aplasia after chemotherapy for the treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Case details: A 24 year old woman, previously healthy, was diagnosed with AML in April 2018, underwent chemotherapy on two occasions, the first with cytarabine and idarubicin with partial response and incomplete remission, followed by the protocol with the same drugs in high doses, showing eventual complete remission. In November 2018, disease recurrence was diagnosed, with erythematous-violaceous nodular lesions, and fusariosis was confirmed with anatomopathological study and positive fungal blood culture for Cryptococcus laurentii. After treatment with voriconazole and amphotericin B deoxycholate, there was little response. With therapeutic failure, a palliative care protocol was instituted, evolving with death on the fifteenth day of hospitalization. Final considerations: Aplasia after chemotherapy infusion is expected around the tenth day, and the fall of white blood cells is a worrying phenomenon, which can be fatal. The state of severe neutropenia can leave the patient susceptible to infections, imposing a constant state of alert on the assistant health team.