Abstract
Objective: Compare and review the various characteristics of the copper Intra uterine device (IUD) with the hormonal IUD, pointing out its mechanisms of action, efficacy, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages, in addition to their relationship with HIV. Bibliographic Review: The IUD is a highly effective contraceptive method, with failure rates of around 1%. It is not abortive and does not terminate the pregnancy. The main mechanism of action of the copper IUD is to impair the fertilization of the oocyte by the sperm. The hormonal IUD, in turn, made up of levonorgestrel, has as its main mechanism of action the thickening of the cervical mucus (preventing the passage of cervical mucus). sperm through the cervix) and decreased sperm motility. The rate of effectiveness of the hormonal IUD is very high and can be represented by the Pearl index 0.1. The copper IUD, which is probably the most used worldwide, has a ten-year durability and the Pearl index is very low, with one pregnancy or less in every 100 women during the first year of use. Final considerations: The hormonal and copper intrauterine devices have specific characteristics in relation to their indication, efficacy, systemic repercussions and mainly the side effects.