Palabras clave
Genética
Dieta
Factores de riesgo
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los factores genéticos y ambientales asociados a la Nefrolitiasis (NL). Métodos: Revisión integrativa, perfilada por la estrategia PICO, el levantamiento se realizó en las bases de datos MEDLINE y PUBMED. Se utilizaron los siguientes descriptores: "Nefrolitiasis", "Genética", "Dieta" y "Ejercicios". Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos completos, en los últimos 5 años, con metodología acorde al objetivo propuesto. Se incluyeron un total de 92 artículos. y 23 fueron seleccionados. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que un Indice de Masa Corporal (IMC) alto y una ingesta alta de calcio y proteínas aumentan el riesgo de NL, mientras que la dieta DASH (Enfoque dietético para detener la hipertensión), frutas y verduras, reducen el riesgo. El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas se identificó a veces como protector, a veces como factor de riesgo. Enfermedades tiroideas, cardiovasculares, metabólicas y acidosis tubular renal y los genes y polimorfismos: rs1056628 y C1562T se relacionaron con LN: gen MMP9, rs6776158 y rs7627468: gen CaSR, rs35747824: gen PDILT, rs6667242 y rs1256328: gen ALPL, rs1544935 en KCNK5, rs7328064 en DGKH, rs13041834 en BCAS1, rs182089527: gen PDE1A y el alfa-2-MR Genes AP, TCF7L2, GSTM1, GSTT1. Consideraciones finales: Es considerado que tanto los factores genéticos como los ambientales influyen significativamente en el desarrollo de la NL.
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