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Resumen
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los principales factores de riesgo y estrategias para la profilaxis y el manejo de la neutropenia febril (NF) inducida por quimioterapia. Revisión bibliográfica: La NF inducida por quimioterapia es una complicación grave derivada del tratamiento antineoplásico con quimioterapia mielosupresora, asociándose a altas tasas de mortalidad y morbilidad. Los factores de riesgo de NF pueden estar relacionados con el paciente, la enfermedad y el régimen de quimioterapia. Las guías internacionales recomiendan el uso de algoritmos para estratificar a los pacientes según el riesgo de complicaciones graves derivadas de la NF. La profilaxis y el tratamiento de la NF con factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos (G-CSF) reduce la incidencia, la duración y la tasa de mortalidad. Filgrastim y pegfilgrastim son los G-CSF más utilizados en la clínica, pero, presentan reacciones adversas como dolor óseo y muscular, que requieren una cuidadosa evaluación de riesgo-beneficio para el paciente. La profilaxis con G-CSF se recomienda principalmente para pacientes que reciben quimioterapia de alto-riesgo para NF, o de riesgo intermedio cuando el paciente tiene características de alto riesgo. Consideraciones finales: La adecuada profilaxis y manejo de la NF conduce a un aumento en la calidad de la atención a los pacientes con cáncer y a una reducción de los costos para los sistemas de salud.
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