Palabras clave
Estenosis valvular aórtica
Reemplazo valvular aórtico transcatéter
Ejercicio
Cómo citar
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar las respuestas agudas al ejercicio con cicloergómetro en el postoperatorio de pacientes ancianos y longevos sometidos a implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI), incluida la seguridad y viabilidad del ejercicio físico. Métodos: Ensayo clínico no aleatorizado con 39 pacientes. Se recogieron la presión arterial (PA), la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), el esfuerzo percibido y los parámetros funcionales (fragilidad: prueba de caminata de 5 metros – T5M y capacidad funcional: prueba de caminata de 6 minutos – 6MWT) en momentos pre-TAVI, post-TAVI (primer día postoperatorio) y al alta hospitalaria. Post-TAVI se realizó un protocolo de ejercicio físico con cicloergómetro de miembro superior en una única sesión con dos series de cinco minutos. Resultados: Después del ejercicio hubo cambio (p=0,001) en la PA sistólica (127,28±17,52 vs 138,36±19,20mmHg), la FC (72,36±12,83 vs 81,13±17,92), la disnea de Borg (0,62±1,17 vs 2,49± 1,52) y fatiga de Borg en miembros superiores (0,50±0,80 vs 3,08±1,49). El comportamiento hemodinámico durante el ejercicio fue similar entre ancianos y ancianos. La fragilidad y la capacidad funcional empeoraron entre antes y después del TAVI, pero mejoraron al alta hospitalaria. Conclusión: El ejercicio en cicloergómetro fue seguro, viable y demostró ser beneficioso para mejorar la fragilidad y la capacidad funcional para el alta hospitalaria. No hubo registros de eventos adversos.
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