Palabras clave
Eje intestino-cerebro
Trastorno del Espectro Autista
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Resumen
Objetivo: Varios estudios apuntan a una correlación de la comunicación bidireccional entre la microbiota intestinal y el sistema nervioso central asociada con trastornos cognitivos, neurodegenerativos y síntomas intestinales. En este sentido, el presente estudio pretende analizar, a través de una revisión integradora, los trabajos que evalúan si existe relación entre la microbiota intestinal y el trastorno del espectro autista. Métodos: Para construir la metodología se consultaron dos bases de datos de contenido médico-científico: PubMed y Lilacs. La búsqueda abarcó artículos en inglés publicados entre 2014 y 2024, centrándose en artículos primarios. Se encontraron un total de 149 artículos, de los cuales 134 fueron excluidos por no ajustarse a la temática propuesta, resultando 13 artículos para análisis. Resultados: Durante el desarrollo del trabajo se observó que la interacción del eje intestino-cerebro tiene una fuerte influencia en la microbiota intestinal de individuos en el espectro del autismo, lo que puede conducir a un desequilibrio en este microbioma. Consideraciones finales: Se encontró una importante influencia causal del eje bidireccional cerebro-intestino-microbiota en la etiología y empeoramiento de las manifestaciones clínicas del Trastorno del Espectro Autista debido a disbiosis intestinal y factores gastrointestinales de origen idiopático.
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