Palabras clave
Pandemia COVID-19
Autismo
Desarrollo infantil
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los hitos del desarrollo neuropsicomotor (DNPM) y señales de riesgo para el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) en niños de 12 a 72 meses residentes en un municipio del interior del Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Este es un estudio de encuesta transversal. Fue enviado para los padres o tutores un formulario electrónico que contenía preguntas sociodemográficas, hitos del DNPM y el cuestionario M-CHAT entre enero y julio de 2022. Resultados: Se recibieron 49 cuestionarios con predominio del sexo masculino (59%), en el grupo de edad 12 a 24 meses (40,8%), blancos (59,2%), sin sospecha de síntomas neurológicos (67,3%), con asistencia escolar (81%), con sospecha de retraso en el lenguaje y en el comportamiento en 36,7% y 16,3%, respectivamente. Según los hitos del DNPM, el 42,9% tuvo un desarrollo adecuado y el 57,1% tuvo alguna falla, siendo los hitos personal-social (53,5%), motricidad fina adaptativa (50%) y lenguaje (42,8%) los más prevalentes. La presencia de señales de riesgo para autismo se observó en el 40% de los niños entre 16 y 30 meses. Conclusión: En comparación con cohortes brasileñas anteriores, se encontró un aumento en el número de las fallas en la adquisición de hitos del DNPM después de la reapertura de las escuelas durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
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