Resumen
Objetivo: Explorar la asociación entre la mutación del gen MTHFR y el desarrollo de trastornos psiquiátricos, evaluando su impacto en la predisposición, la gravedad de los síntomas y la respuesta al tratamiento. Métodos: Estudio de revisión bibliográfica integrativa, utilizando la estrategia PVO (Población, Variables y Resultado) para seleccionar estudios relevantes en la base de datos PubMed. Se incluyeron un total de 20 artículos tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que los polimorfismos MTHFR C677T y A1298C están significativamente relacionados con la esquizofrenia, depresión y el trastorno bipolar, afectando el metabolismo del folato y la metilación del ADN. Estos procesos son esenciales para la función cerebral, y las mutaciones pueden impactar la neuroplasticidad y la gravedad de los síntomas psiquiátricos. Los pacientes con estas mutaciones pueden mostrar variaciones en la respuesta a tratamientos convencionales, y la suplementación con folato surge como una intervención prometedora, aunque se necesitan más estudios para optimizar su eficacia. Consideraciones finales: Una comprensión más profunda de la mutación del MTHFR puede contribuir al desarrollo de tratamientos más personalizados y eficaces para pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos.
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