Palabras clave
Ansiedad
Embarazo
Salud mental
Atención prenatal
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de ansiedad en mujeres embarazadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y los factores relacionados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 1208 mujeres embarazadas en Brasil entre julio y agosto de 2020. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario digital en línea del Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI-E). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales, complementados con un análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados: Se incluyeron mujeres embarazadas mayores de 18 años y se excluyeron aquellas que no completaron al menos el 80% del cuestionario. La puntuación media de ansiedad fue de 50, considerada entre media y alta. Factores como la tristeza, el miedo a la muerte, la ansiedad, la dificultad para acceder a la atención prenatal, las preocupaciones económicas, el temor a que el niño tuviera problemas de salud, la convivencia con personas con sospecha de COVID-19 y el impacto de la pandemia en el embarazo aumentaron la ansiedad. Los sentimientos de tranquilidad, optimismo y confianza redujeron la ansiedad. Conclusión: El nivel de ansiedad encontrado en las mujeres embarazadas brasileñas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fue entre medio y alto. La tristeza, el miedo a la muerte, las preocupaciones económicas, la dificultad para acceder a la atención prenatal y el impacto de la pandemia en el embarazo fueron los principales factores que agravaron esta situación. Los resultados subrayan la urgente necesidad de apoyo psicosocial y atención a la salud mental de estas mujeres en el contexto de la crisis.
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