Keywords
Robotic surgery
Laparoscopic surgery
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Abstract
Objective: To comparatively analyze the outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer. Methods: Fifteen studies published between 2012 and 2024 were reviewed, using the descriptors “Robotic Surgical Procedures,” “Laparoscopy,” and “Rectal Neoplasms” on the scientific platforms PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: Most studies indicated that robotic surgery offers benefits such as a lower conversion rate to open surgery, better preservation of urinary and sexual functions, and faster postoperative recovery. However, long-term oncological outcomes, such as survival and recurrence rates, were similar between both techniques. Limitations such as longer operative time and the high cost of robotic technology were highlighted. Final considerations: Robotic surgery represents a significant technical advancement, but its adoption should be carefully evaluated, considering clinical, economic, and structural factors. The need for new multicenter studies with longer follow-up periods and cost-effectiveness analyses is evident to consolidate the current evidence.
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