Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico de los profesionales de la salud. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora realizada en la base de datos PubMed. Los descriptores utilizados fueron “COVID-19” AND “Trastornos Mentales” AND “Profesionales de la Salud” AND “UCI” AND “Burnout”. Resultados: Los estudios han demostrado altas tasas de prevalencia de síndrome de burnout, ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, estrés y trastorno de estrés postraumático. Los profesionales más afectados fueron las mujeres, el personal de enfermería y quienes trabajan en primera línea. Los principales factores de riesgo incluyeron la sobrecarga laboral, el agotamiento físico y emocional, el miedo al contagio y la insuficiencia de recursos. Los factores de protección incluyeron el apoyo institucional, los recursos psicológicos y un suministro adecuado de equipo de protección individual (EPI). Consideraciones finales: La COVID-19 ha tenido un fuerte impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud, reforzando la necesidad de estrategias institucionales de apoyo continuo, promoción del bienestar psicológico e intervenciones preventivas dirigidas a este grupo.
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