Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente o desempenho do exame citopatológico de Papanicolau e do teste molecular de DNA-HPV no rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero, considerando sensibilidade, especificidade, detecção precoce de lesões precursoras e aplicabilidade em programas preventivos. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, estruturada conforme as recomendações PRISMA e fundamentada na estratégia PICO. A busca foi realizada exclusivamente na base PubMed/MEDLINE, incluindo estudos publicados entre 2018 e 2025. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, cinco estudos compuseram a amostra final. Resultados: Os estudos analisados demonstraram que o teste de DNA-HPV apresenta maior sensibilidade para identificação precoce de lesões intraepiteliais cervicais de alto grau, enquanto o exame de Papanicolau apresentou maior especificidade relativa. Além disso, a testagem molecular mostrou potencial para ampliar os intervalos de rastreamento e melhorar a efetividade dos programas preventivos. Considerações finais: O teste de DNA-HPV apresenta maior sensibilidade para detecção precoce de lesões cervicais precursoras, enquanto o exame citopatológico permanece relevante pela elevada especificidade e ampla aplicabilidade clínica. Sua incorporação deve considerar infraestrutura, acesso e organização dos sistemas de saúde.
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