Keywords
Children
Retinopathy of prematurity
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Congenital Cataract (CC) and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). Bibliographic review: Visual impairment in children impacts development, generating disadvantages in educational processes, independence, learning and adaptation. Worldwide, the main causes of low vision in early childhood are ROP and CC. In low- and middle-income countries, CC cataract predominates, and in low-income countries, ROP. ROP is a proliferative vitreoretinopathy that affects premature babies and is one of the main causes of childhood blindness worldwide, while CC is defined as any opacity of the lens present at birth or in early childhood. Final considerations: Congenital cataracts and retinopathy of prematurity are the main causes of low vision and blindness in early childhood. In this context, it is essential to implement screening tests, in the case of CHD, the red reflex test and, in the case of ROP, with eye fundus examinations in premature newborns weighing less than 1,500 g or with GA <30 weeks. Thus, by providing an early diagnosis, it is possible to reduce the sequelae of both pathologies.
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