Keywords
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of two Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (PH) and Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Bibliographic review: PH is the culmination of a dysregulated immune response to a provocative inhaled antigen that appears as inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma and small airways. The disease has a heterogeneous clinical presentation, as well as varied radiological and morphological patterns, probably associated with individual genetic susceptibility, type of antigen, extent of exposure and interaction with other harmful factors. Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disease of unknown origin, characterized histologically by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in the affected organs. The organs most commonly affected in sarcoidosis are the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes (more than 90% of patients). Final considerations: Both PH and pulmonary sarcoidosis are interstitial lung diseases that progress with inflammation and fibrosis. Both diseases can be identified on high-resolution computed tomography. The treatment of these conditions varies according to the symptomatology. In the case of non-fibrotic PH and pulmonary sarcoidosis, the treatment of choice is corticosteroid therapy, whereas for fibrotic PH, antifibrotic agents are used.
References
ALBERTI ML, et al. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Front Med (Lausanne), 2021; 8: 718299.
BERNARDINELLO N, et al. Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel), 2021; 11(9): 1558.
COTTIN V, et al. Presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of the spectrum of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev, 2018; 27(150): 180076.
CREAMER AW e BARRATT SL. Prognostic factors in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir Rev, 2020; 29(156): 190167.
DABIRI M, et al. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Pictorial Review Based on the New ATS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline for Radiologists and Pulmonologists. Diagnostics (Basel), 2022; 12(11): 2874.
FRANZEN DP, et al. Sarcoidosis - a multisystem disease. Swiss Med Wkly, 2022; 152: w30049.
HAMBLIN M, et al. Diagnosis, course and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir Rev, 2022; 31(163): 210169.
JUDSON MA. Developing better drugs for pulmonary sarcoidosis: determining indications for treatment and endpoints to assess therapy based on patient and clinician concerns. F1000Res, 2019; 8: 2149.
LEONE PM e RICHELDI L. Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul), 2020; 83(2): 122-131.
MEYER KC. Lung transplantation for pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis, 2019; 36(2): 92-107.
MOUA T, et al. Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: A Practical Review of Current Approaches. J Clin Med, 2022; 11(6): 1473.
OBI ON. Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: Beyond Restriction and Forced Vital Capacity. Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2023; 20(1): 24-26.
PARK S, et al. Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline. Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi, 2021; 82(4): 817-825.
PETNAK T e MOUA T. Exposure assessment in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a comprehensive review and proposed screening questionnaire. ERJ Open Res, 2020; 6(3): 00230-2020.
RAHAGHI FF, et al. Delphi consensus recommendations for a treatment algorithm in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eur Respir Rev, 2020; 29(155): 190146.
RAVAGLIA C. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Need for a better diagnostic evaluation. Pulmonology, 2020; 26(3): 121-122.
RIVERA-ORTEGA P e MOLINA-MOLINA M. Interstitial Lung Diseases in Developing Countries. Ann Glob Health, 2019; 85(1): 4.
TANA C, et al. Findings in Pulmonary and Abdominal Sarcoidosis. Implications for Diagnosis and Classification. J Clin Med, 2020; 9(9): 3028.
TRIVIERI MG, et al. Challenges in Cardiac and Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76(16): 1878-1901.
UNGPRASERT P, et al. Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sarcoidosis. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes, 2019; 3(3): 358-375.