Keywords
Molecular biomarkers
Prognosis
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate which molecular biomarkers are most predictive for diagnosis, prognosis, and the effectiveness of personalized therapies in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods:This is a literature review conducted through searches in the PubMed, Scielo, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. A total of 24 published studies were selected, prioritizing clinical trials, prospective, retrospective, and multicenter studies that addressed molecular biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes in patients with NHL. Results: The analyzed studies highlighted that biomarkers such as TP53, MYC, BCL2, KMT2D, CREBBP, and SOCS1, in addition to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, are fundamental for prognostic stratification and the definition of therapeutic strategies in NHL. Furthermore, the identification of molecular clusters (MCD, BN2, EZB, ST2, and N1) and cell of origin (COO) classification enables a more accurate prediction of clinical outcomes, especially in therapies such as CAR-T and bispecific antibodies. Final considerations: Molecular biomarkers optimize the diagnosis and therapeutic management of NHL; however, methodological heterogeneity limits the generalization of the results.
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