Keywords
Heart failure
Obesity
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the use of semaglutide in the prevention of cardiovascular risks in individuals with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, considering its effectiveness, clinical benefits, and economic viability. Methods: An integrative review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus using the terms "heart failure," "semaglutida," "obesity," and "diabetes" with the "AND" operator. Of the 369 studies identified, 26 were selected after screening in Rayyan and full-text reading. Primary studies were included (2020-2025). Results: Findings were categorized into: (1) effects in patients with heart failure and obesity, (2) heart failure and type 2 diabetes, and (3) patients with all these conditions. Semaglutida reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (nonfatal myocardial infarction, mortality, heart failure hospitalizations), promoted weight loss, improved function (6-minute walk test, KCCQ-CSS), and reduced biomarkers (NT-proBNP, CRP). Benefits were independent of HbA1c or heart failure type and also applied to non-diabetics. It had a safe profile with mild/moderate gastrointestinal events and cost-effectiveness in high cardiovascular risk. Final considerations: semaglutide is effective and safe in managing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure, with benefits beyond glycemic control (weight loss, reduction of cardiovascular events). Although economic challenges persist, it represents a valuable therapeutic option for integrated metabolic and cardiovascular care.
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