Palabras clave
Microbioma humano
Frotis vaginal
Infertilidad
Infertilidad femenina
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Resumen
Objetivo: Recopilar la evidencia más reciente de la literatura sobre la relación entre la microbiota vaginal y la infertilidad femenina, destacando los principales mecanismos fisiopatológicos y las posibles terapias. Revisión de la literatura: La microbiota vaginal desempeña un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis local y la protección contra patógenos genitales, previniendo infecciones y desequilibrios en este entorno. Las alteraciones en este ecosistema, conocidas como disbiosis, se han asociado con resultados reproductivos adversos, incluyendo infertilidad y fallos en las técnicas de reproducción asistida. Los hallazgos actuales indican que los perfiles de microbiota vaginal con baja dominancia de lactobacilos y la presencia de bacterias anaerobias específicas pueden comprometer la fertilidad. También se analiza el uso de probióticos, terapias antimicrobianas dirigidas y estrategias personalizadas de modulación de la microbiota, que representan intervenciones prometedoras. Considerações finais: Consideración-se que la integración de la evaluación de la microbiota vaginal en la práctica clínica reproductiva no solo puede ampliar la comprensión de la etiología de la infertilidad, sino también señalar nuevas posibilidades diagnósticas, pronósticas y terapéuticas.
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