Palavras-chave
Trombose venosa profunda
Ensaios clínicos
Segurança terapêutica
Como Citar
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia e a segurança dos anticoagulantes no tratamento e prevenção da trombose venosa profunda e do tromboembolismo pulmonar, com base em ensaios clínicos publicados em inglês e português. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que incluiu ensaios clínicos randomizados disponíveis em bases científicas, abordando o uso de diferentes classes de anticoagulantes, como heparina de baixo peso molecular, antagonistas da vitamina K e anticoagulantes orais diretos, em pacientes diagnosticados com trombose venosa profunda ou embolia pulmonar. Resultados: Os estudos analisados evidenciaram que os anticoagulantes orais diretos, como rivaroxabana, apixabana e dabigatrana, apresentaram eficácia semelhante à varfarina, com menor incidência de sangramentos maiores. As heparinas de baixo peso molecular e o fondaparinux mostraram bons resultados na fase inicial do tratamento, especialmente em pacientes pós-operatórios. O uso de escores clínicos, como HAS-BLED e Villalta, auxiliou na avaliação do risco de sangramento e na prevenção de síndrome pós-retrombótica. Considerações finais: Os anticoagulantes demonstraram eficácia e segurança no manejo da trombose venosa, sendo os agentes orais diretos uma alternativa promissora por sua praticidade e menor risco hemorrágico.
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