Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las principales lesiones neonatales causadas por el uso de diferentes tipos de fórceps en partos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de trabajos anteriores en las plataformas PubMed y Portal Regional de BVS y se incluyeron un total de 28 artículos después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: A partir de los estudios analizados, se observó que los fórceps, en comparación con ventosas obstétricas, presentan um menor riesgo de lesiones neonatales de tejidos blandos, cefalohematomas e ictericia. Sin embargo, las lesiones faciales fetales ocurren con más frecuencia cuando se utilizan fórceps. Además, las pinzas de Kielland se destacan como el método más efectivo y seguro entre los demás instrumentos y el uso de pinzas Naegele también muestra gran éxito. Las complicaciones encontradas incluyen: distocia de hombro, convulsiones, Apgar bajo, hemorragia subgaleal, hemorragia intracraneal, lesión del nervio facial, hidrocefalia, lesión del plexo braquial, hemorragia vítrea, entre otras. Consideraciones finales: Hay muchos estudios que comparan el uso de fórceps y otros instrumentos de ayuda en parto, com respecto a las lesiones fetales, pero faltan estudios que proporcionen comparaciones entre los diferentes tipos de fórceps, para detallar las lesiones neonatales más frecuentes causadas por cada uno de estos.
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