Palabras clave
Arteriovenous fistula
Hemodialysis
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Resumen
Objective: To analyze the risk factors that lead to failure in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Methods: This integrative literature review was conducted by searching for original articles from the last 5 years in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). The descriptors in Science and Health (DeCS) were "Risk Factors," "Hemodialysis," and "Arteriovenous Fistula," associated with the Boolean operator "AND." A total of 170 articles were found, and 20 were selected, excluding those that did not meet the established criteria. Results: Risk factor assessment is essential to prevent failure. In females, smaller arterial diameters hinder fistula maturation. Hypertension causes pulse pressure differences, leading to endothelial damage, inflammation, and increased vascular permeability. Hyperphosphatemia can trigger apoptotic pathways, accelerating damage, and high CRP levels contribute to hypercoagulability. Final considerations: The AVF is crucial for hemodialysis patients, as it allows safe and effective access to the circulatory system. Managing risk factors such as female gender, advanced age, hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated CRP is essential to prolong fistula duration, improve quality of life, and reduce failures.
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