Resumen
Objetivo: Esclarecer el manejo del traumatismo esplénico con énfasis en el tratamiento conservador. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada mediante la búsqueda de artículos en portugués e inglés utilizando frases de búsqueda con descriptores. Las referencias teóricas se obtuvieron de cuatro bibliotecas en línea y los artículos se seleccionaron según criterios bien definidos. Se analizaron 154 artículos, de los cuales se incluyeron 21. Resultados: En pacientes hemodinámicamente estables que pudieron ser atendidos oportunamente en hospitales equipados para realizar la embolización de la arteria esplénica, se indicó dicha intervención. Se observaron discrepancias, principalmente respecto a la metodología de la embolización, así como a las indicaciones, el momento oportuno y la necesidad de intervenciones adicionales a la embolización. El tratamiento no quirúrgico puede o no incluir la embolización del órgano. Consideraciones finales: En adultos y niños estables, el tratamiento no quirúrgico está bien indicado y cuenta con respaldo consistente en la literatura hasta el grado III de la AAST; sin embargo, existen divergencias en cuanto a las lesiones de mayor grado. A mayor grado de lesión, menor es la probabilidad de éxito del tratamiento conservador; no obstante, es necesaria una mayor estandarización de los criterios para la realización de los procedimientos, así como de la organización de los equipos y recursos de los servicios, para evitar sesgos en los resultados.
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