Keywords
Hypothyroidism
Children
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH). Bibliographic review: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital endocrine disorder. In this disease, the function of iodine-containing hormones is disrupted due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone which can be a result of an inborn error of thyroid metabolism, defect in the gland or iodine deficiency. It is currently one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases in childhood. Affecting approximately 1:2,000 to 1:4,000 live births. Most children with CH are born with few symptoms or asymptomatic, being diagnosed through neonatal screening, which was proposed to allow an early diagnosis and prevent mental retardation, one of the main complications of CH. Final considerations: Congenital CH is the most common treatable cause of mental retardation. This is a disease that requires screening of all live births between the 3rd and 5th day of life through neonatal screening tests. Treatment with Levothyroxine should be started within a maximum of 14 days of birth and treatment failure imposes many socioeconomic costs on individuals, families and society.
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