Keywords
Cardiovascular
Athletes
Cardiac performance
Cardiac remodeling
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Abstract
Objective: Analyze the effects of endurance training on the cardiovascular system of athletes, with emphasis on cardiac adaptations and performance-related changes. Methods: An integrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS databases, including studies published between 2020 and 2025. Primary studies addressing the effects of endurance training on cardiac function, biomarkers, and cardiac remodeling in athletes were selected. Results: The findings demonstrated that endurance training promotes predominantly physiological cardiac adaptations, such as increased ventricular volumes, improved diastolic function, and enhanced autonomic balance. However, under extreme conditions, transient impairments in ventricular function and elevations in cardiac biomarkers were observed, especially in the right ventricle. Older athletes and those with pre-existing myocardial fibrosis exhibited higher risk of dysfunction. Environmental factors and high-intensity protocols also acutely impacted cardiac function. Final Considerations: When properly monitored, endurance training is beneficial to cardiovascular health. Nonetheless, it should be individualized, particularly for older athletes and in high-demand scenarios, to mitigate potential cardiac risks.
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