Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular complications

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the pathophysiological repercussions of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the development of cardiovascular complications. Literature review: PCOS is characterized by a complex pathophysiological environment, marked by the interaction between insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism, which act as central determinants for the development of dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, visceral adiposity, and oxidative stress. Drugs such as metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, weight control, lipid profile, and vascular markers. Conversely, therapies such as combined oral contraceptives require caution due to potential metabolic and thromboembolic repercussions. Despite improvements in intermediate markers, the literature still lacks definitive evidence regarding a direct reduction in major cardiovascular events. Final considerations: PCOS represents a relevant risk factor for early cardiovascular impairment in women, highlighting the need for individualized preventive strategies and new long-term prospective studies to consolidate targeted interventions for this population.