Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados ao bruxismo infantil. Revisão bibliográfica: O bruxismo é definido como uma atividade involuntária dos músculos da mastigação, podendo ser classificado como bruxismo do sono (BS) e bruxismo em vigília (BV). Possui manifestações clínicas variadas, sendo o desgaste dentário, os ruídos emitidos durante o sono, a linha alba, a língua crenada, as desordens temporomandibulares e os distúrbios do sono as mais comumente encontradas. A etiologia é multifatorial, sendo associada a ansiedade, estresse e hábitos parafuncionais, podendo apresentar influência genética e ambiental. Para realizar o diagnóstico é preciso levar em consideração o relato dos pais sobre o ranger dos dentes das crianças, uma anamnese detalhada e um exame clínico criterioso. O tratamento envolve uma intervenção fundamentada na orientação dos pais sobre o controle dos fatores de risco. Medicações e placas oclusais são indicadas apenas para casos graves. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar e conservadora é essencial para o controle da condição, envolvendo intervenções médicas, odontológicas, psicológicas e, quando necessário, farmacológicas. Considerações finais: Apesar do curso autolimitado, o bruxismo infantil pode levar a repercussões clínicas desfavoráveis, com necessidade de acompanhamento multidisciplinar para diagnóstico e controle durante a infância.
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