Palabras clave
Lesiones por Presión
Revisión
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Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar las principales intervenciones con evidencia científica para la prevención de lesiones por presión en pacientes con lesión medular. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora, realizada en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: “pressure sore”, “pressure ulcer”, “position”, “turn in bed” y “spinal cord injury”. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2022 y en los que la posición de liberación de presión para prevenir lesiones por presión fue un resultado primario o secundario. Resultados: Ocho artículos conformaron la muestra final de este estudio, con mayor frecuencia de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (n: 6). Las principales intervenciones de prevención de lesiones por presión en pacientes con lesión medular fueron: programas basados en telemedicina a través de aplicaciones web, con orientación en el cuidado de la prevención de lesiones durante un período de tiempo; protocolos de intervención educativa realizados por profesionales sanitarios especializados. Consideraciones finales: Con base en los estudios analizados, se encontró que la prevención de lesión por presión en pacientes con lesión medular debe basarse especialmente en la educación continua, tanto para los pacientes y sus familias, como para el equipo multidisciplinario involucrado en la atención al paciente.
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