Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre farmacogenética y farmacogenómica con Covid-19. Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática siguió las pautas de Elementos de informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (PRISMA), utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO. Se incluyeron estudios de caso, observacionales y de banco en inglés y portugués, desde diciembre de 2019 hasta diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Las diferencias genéticas poblacionales influyen en los efectos de los medicamentos sobre el Covid-19. Los estudios destacan la importancia de considerar los trastornos metabólicos, como la diabetes y la dislipidemia, como factores de riesgo. Se debe evaluar la interacción farmacogenética entre los medicamentos para estos trastornos y los tratamientos para el Covid-19. Los polimorfismos genéticos, como GNB3 c.825C>T, presentan resultados contradictorios, lo que indica la complejidad de las interacciones genéticas. Otros estudios analizan genes como ACE2, CYP2C19 y variantes en IFITM3, revelando asociaciones y desafíos en la interpretación de los resultados. Consideraciones finales: Esta revisión destaca que las distinciones genéticas poblacionales influyen en la gravedad de Covid-19 y la respuesta a los tratamientos farmacológicos. Los polimorfismos en genes específicos muestran resultados variables, lo que indica la necesidad de estudios más completos. El uso de medicamentos aún carece de evidencia para el manejo de Covid-19, ya que puede presentar riesgos para los pacientes, lo que destaca la importancia de la farmacogenética y la farmacogenómica en la personalización de los tratamientos.
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