Palabras clave
Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones (IBP)
Profilaxis en UCI
Hemorragia gastrointestinal
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Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la profilaxis de las úlceras por estrés con inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) en pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) e investigar las complicaciones asociadas con su uso. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integradora siguiendo la estrategia PVO, analizando artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2024 que abordaron la eficacia de los IBP en pacientes críticos. La búsqueda se realizó en la base de datos PubMed, resultando en la selección de 19 artículos relevantes. Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que, aunque los IBP reducen la aparición de hemorragia gastrointestinal en pacientes de alto riesgo, no demuestran un impacto significativo en la mortalidad. Además, el uso prolongado de IBP se asocia con complicaciones, incluidas infecciones adquiridas en el hospital y un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. La literatura revela controversias sobre la necesidad de una profilaxis universal con IBP y sugiere la importancia de estrategias de tratamiento individualizadas basadas en el riesgo. Consideraciones finales: Se debe reconsiderar el uso indiscriminado de IBP para profilaxis en las UCI, teniendo en cuenta los riesgos y complicaciones potenciales que implica. Se necesitan estudios futuros para establecer pautas más específicas para el uso de estos medicamentos en poblaciones críticas.
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