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Triaje
Diagnóstico
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Resumen
Objetivo: Presentar las principales actualizaciones sobre cribado, diagnóstico y manejo del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Revisión de la literatura: A pesar de los avances recientes, el diagnóstico temprano del TEA todavía enfrenta desafíos importantes, especialmente en niños menores de 3 años. En este grupo de edad, los retrasos en el desarrollo a menudo se hacen evidentes sólo en contextos sociales fuera del entorno familiar. Estudios recientes destacan el papel de nuevas herramientas, como los biomarcadores sanguíneos y de imágenes, la neuroimagen, la electroencefalografía y el seguimiento ocular, en la mejora de los métodos de diagnóstico. La evidencia apunta a diferencias en las resonancias magnéticas, los niveles de proteínas y aminoácidos en sangre y orina, así como los patrones de seguimiento ocular, al comparar personas con TEA y personas con desarrollo típico. Consideraciones finales: La heterogeneidad de los TEA sigue siendo un obstáculo para el establecimiento de un método universal de detección y diagnóstico. Sin embargo, un cribado adecuado permite un diagnóstico precoz, favoreciendo un manejo eficaz que contribuya al desarrollo y calidad de vida de los pacientes.
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