Resumen
Objetivo: Recopilar la evidencia disponible sobre la relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la respuesta a la inmunoterapia en pacientes oncológicos. Revisión bibliográfica: La inflamación periodontal puede modular la respuesta inmunitaria e interferir en la eficacia de la inmunoterapia, tanto por el aumento de la inflamación sistémica como por la alteración de la microbiota oral. Los patógenos periodontales, como Porphyromonas gingivalis y Fusobacterium nucleatum, han sido implicados en la modulación de las vías oncogénicas e inmunológicas, contribuyendo a la progresión tumoral y a la aparición de efectos adversos durante el tratamiento. Estudios recientes refuerzan la existencia de una interacción bidireccional entre la salud periodontal y las respuestas terapéuticas oncológicas, lo que sugiere que el control de la inflamación bucal puede tener un impacto positivo en los resultados clínicos de los pacientes sometidos a inmunoterapia.Consideraciones finales: La salud periodontal puede desempeñar un papel relevante en el manejo oncológico de los pacientes sometidos a inmunoterapia. A pesar de las pruebas iniciales, aún no hay consenso sobre protocolos específicos, por lo que se necesitan estudios clínicos prospectivos y multicéntricos para validar esta asociación y orientar estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas integradas.
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