Palabras clave
Salud mental
Esquizofrenia
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la literatura científica sobre la relación entre la actividad física (AF) y la esquizofrenia, con énfasis en los aspectos psicosociales y representacionales que influyen en los significados, las creencias y las actitudes, proporcionando así una base conceptual para futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura entre noviembre de 2024 y febrero de 2025 en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS. Se utilizaron descriptores en portugués, inglés y español, combinando los términos ("Esquizofrenia" O "Trastornos psicóticos") Y ("Ejercicio físico" O "Actividad física" O "Ejercicio") Y ("Percepción" O "Creencias" O "Actitudes" O "Representaciones" O "Representaciones sociales" O "Significado" O "Estigma" O "Simbolismo"). Los artículos se incluyeron y analizaron mediante interpretación temática y síntesis crítica, organizándose en tres líneas de investigación. Resultados: Se analizaron 14 estudios, los cuales se agruparon en tres ejes temáticos principales: (1) “Percepciones y significados atribuidos a la práctica de actividad física por personas con esquizofrenia” (n=6); (2) “Barreras y facilitadores percibidos para la adherencia y el mantenimiento de estas prácticas” (n=5); y (3) “Impactos psicosociales y simbólicos asociados con la participación en programas de actividad física” (n=3). Consideraciones finales: La relación entre la actividad física y la esquizofrenia trasciende los límites del tratamiento clínico, constituyendo un campo de significados donde se entrelazan el cuerpo, la salud, la identidad y el contexto social.
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