Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar, a la luz de la literatura científica, la asociación entre el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales combinados y el riesgo de desarrollo de tromboembolismo venoso en mujeres, contribuyendo a una comprensión crítica y actualizada de esta relación desde una perspectiva clínica y epidemiológica. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, orientada por las recomendaciones de la lista de verificación PRISMA 2020, con búsqueda en las bases PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2021 y 2026, en portugués o inglés, disponibles en texto completo y relacionados con el tema. Resultados: La búsqueda identificó 312 registros, de los cuales ocho estudios integraron la síntesis final. Los hallazgos evidenciaron un aumento del riesgo tromboembólico, especialmente en formulaciones que contienen etinilestradiol, mientras que los anticonceptivos con estrógenos naturales mostraron un perfil más favorable en parte de los estudios. También se observó que la edad, la obesidad, el tabaquismo, las trombofilias y la predisposición genética influyen en este riesgo.
Consideraciones finales: Existe asociación entre los anticonceptivos hormonales combinados y el tromboembolismo venoso, aunque esta relación varía según la formulación y el perfil clínico de la usuaria, lo que refuerza la necesidad de una prescripción individualizada.
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