Palabras clave
Recuperación mejorada después de la cirugía
Cuidados perioperatorios
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia sobre la incorporación de protocolos de Recuperación Postoperatoria Mejorada (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery – ERAS) en procedimientos de reconstrucción mamaria. Revisión de la literatura: Los protocolos ERAS se han incorporado ampliamente a la práctica quirúrgica moderna, con el objetivo de reducir el estrés fisiológico del procedimiento, acelerar la recuperación postoperatoria y mejorar los resultados clínicos. Estos protocolos se basan en un enfoque de atención perioperatoria y se aplican actualmente en diversas especialidades, incluida la reconstrucción mamaria. Divididos en procedimientos preoperatorios, perioperatorios y postoperatorios, estos elementos abarcan desde la preparación y educación del paciente hasta estrategias de analgesia multimodal, control de líquidos, movilización temprana y apoyo posterior al alta, lo que refleja un enfoque integral de la atención perioperatoria. Consideraciones finales: Los protocolos ERAS constituyen una estrategia eficaz y segura para el manejo perioperatorio en la reconstrucción mamaria, promoviendo una recuperación más rápida, una menor estancia hospitalaria, un menor consumo de opioides y una mejor experiencia del paciente. Los beneficios observados parecen derivarse de la integración de múltiples intervenciones a lo largo de todo el continuo de atención, lo que refuerza la importancia de la adherencia general al protocolo y la acción multidisciplinaria. Los resultados sugieren un impacto positivo en la eficiencia de los sistemas de salud, con potencial para la reducción de costos y una mejor asignación de recursos.
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