Palabras clave
Autocuidado
Factores de Riesgo
Prevención Primaria
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar estrategias de autocuidado y factores clínicos en la prevención del linfedema en mujeres posmastectomía. Métodos: Estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado entre agosto y septiembre de 2022, con 54 mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, a quienes se les realizó cirugía de mastectomía o cuadrantectomía que se encontraban en tratamiento y fueron atendidas en un Centro de Cancerología del interior del noreste de Brasil. Los datos que fueron obtenidos a través de entrevistas y mediciones del brazo homolateral a la cirugía sustentaron la aplicación de las pruebas estadísticas Chi-cuadrado y Fisher utilizando el software estadístico gratuito R®. Resultados: La mayoría de las mujeres respondieron positivamente con respecto a las prácticas estratégicas que tienen como objetivo prevenir el linfedema, excepto realizar tratamiento complementario en el brazo homolateral, practicar actividad física y manipular equipos cortantes o calientes. Dentro del análisis de las variables involucradas en el perfil clínico y general, tanto la inactividad física como el IMC anormal aumentaron la posibilidad de formación de seroma. Conclusión: El acceso a la información y la concientización es la principal estrategia para garantizar prácticas de autocuidado preventivo, mejores posibilidades de identificación temprana de posibles complicaciones e intervenciones efectivas.
Referencias
AMMITZBØLL G, et al. Progressive resistance training to prevent arm lymphedema in the first year after breast cancer surgery: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Cancer, 2019; 125(10): 1683-1692.
ARINAGA Y, et al. The 10-Min Holistic Self-Care for Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Pilot Randomized Controlled Study. Tohoku J Exp Med., 2019; 247(2): 139-147.
ASSIS MR, et al. Metacognition as an educational technology in self-care learning: the case of prevention of post-surgical lymphedema of breast cancer. Esc. Anna Nery, 2018; 22(3): e20170440.
CLARKE M, et al. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet, 2005; 366(9503): 2087.
CONCEIÇÃO RS, OLIVEIRA, DDS. Kinesio taping no tratamento de mulheres com linfedema pós-mastectomia: revisão narrativa: kinesio taping in the treatment of women with lymphedema after mastectomy: narrative review. Revista Contexto & Saúde, 2021; 21(42): 75-81.
CONITEC. Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos. Ministério da Saúde. Diretrizes Diagnósticas e Terapêuticas do Carcinoma de Mama. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/conitec/pt-br/midias/consultas/relatorios/2018/relatorio_ddt_carcionomademama_julho_2018.pdf. Acessado em: 20 julho 2023.
CAL A, et al.. Effects of Health Belief Model based nursing interventions offered at home visits on lymphedema prevention in women with breast cancer: A randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs., 2020; 29(13-14): 2521-2534.
DÖNMEZ AA, et al. Lived Experiences for Supportive Care Needs of Women with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Phenomenological Study. Clin Nurs Res., 2021; 30(6): 799-808.
FISHER B, et al. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med., 2002; 347: 1233.
FRETTA TB, et al. Physical Functionality of the Upper Limb after Breast Cancer Surgery in Southern Brazilian Survivors: Cross-Sectional Study. Rev. Bras. Cancerol., 2021; 67(3): e-021168.
GILLESPIE TC, et al. Breast cancer-related lymphedema: risk factors, precautionary measures, and treatments. Gland Surg., 2018; 7(4): 379-403.
GOZZO TO, et al. Profile of women with lymphedema after breast cancer treatment. Esc. Anna Nery, 2019; 23(4): e20190090.
HALSTED WS. I. The Results of Radical Operations for the Cure of Carcinoma of the Breast. Ann Surg., 1907; 46: 1.
INCA. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DO CÂNCER. Ministério da Saúde. Tipos de câncer: câncer de mama. câncer de mama. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.inca.gov.br/tipos-de-cancer/cancer-de-mama. Acessado em: 20 julho 2023.
INCA. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DO CÂNCER. Ministério da Saúde.Tratamento do câncer de mama. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/inca/pt-br/assuntos/gestor-e-profissional-de-saude/controle-do-cancer-de-mama/acoes/tratamento. Acessado em: 20 julho 2023.
IYIGUN ZE, et al. Preoperative Lymphedema-Related Risk Factors in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.Lymphatic Research and Biology, 2018; 16(1): 28-35.
JINBO K, et al. The effect of combined risk factors on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a study using decision trees. Breast Cancer, 2023; 30(4): 685-688.
KOELMEYER LA, et al. Risk factors for breast cancer–related lymphedema in patients undergoing 3 years of prospective surveillance with intervention. Cancer.2022; 128(18): 3408-3415.
LEITE ALS, et al. Impact of Pectoralis Nerve Block (PECS) on postoperative pain in patients submitted to mastectomy with lymphadenectomy. Rev Col Bras Cir.,2022; 49: e20223366.
LERAY H, et al. Body Mass Index as a Major Risk Factor for Severe Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Lymphat Res Biol., 2020; 18(6): 510-516.
MACÊDO MRS, et al. Precauções para linfedema em mulheres acometidas por câncer de mama pós esvaziamento axilar: revisão de escopo. Rev enferm UERJ., 2020; 28: e49435.
MEDEIROS HSC. Cuidados de enfermagem no linfedema pós-mastectomia: revisão integrativa. Monografia (Graduação em Enfermagem) – Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 2016; 1.
OMIDI Z, et al. Effect of lymphedema self-management group-based education compared with social network-based education on quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence in women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Qual Life Res., 2020; 29: 1789-1800.
PARAMANANDAM VP, et al. Prophylactic Use of Compression Sleeves Reduces the Incidence of Arm Swelling in Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol., 2022; 40(18): 2004-2012.
PASKETT ED, et al. A randomized study to prevent lymphedema in women treated for breast cancer: CALGB 70305 (Alliance). Cancer, 2021; 127(2): 291-299.
PEDROSA BCS, et al. Funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em indivíduos com linfedema unilateral em membro inferior: um estudo transversal. J vasc bras., 2019; 18: e20180066.
RAFN, BS, et al. Self-Measured Arm Circumference in Women With Breast Cancer Is Reliable and Valid. Phys Ther., 2019; 99(2): 240-253.
VERONESI U, VALAGUSSA P. Inefficacy of internal mammary nodes dissection in breast cancer surgery. Cancer, 1981; 47: 170.
RIBEIRO VER. Prevalência de linfedema após mastectomia em portadoras de câncer de mama: uma revisão sistemática acerca da influência da reconstrução imediata. Rev Bras Cir Plást., 2019; 34(1): 113-9.
RIBEIRO RVE, SANTOS-JÚNIOR LHRD, BARRA ID. Transplante linfonodal no manejo do linfedema pós-mastectomia: revisão sistemática com metanálise. Rev Bras Cir Plást., 2020; 35(3): 334-9.
SANTOS TB, et al. Prevalência e fatores associados ao diagnóstico de câncer de mama em estágio avançado. Ciênc saúde coletiva, 2022; 27(2): 471-82.
SHEN A, et al. Risk factors of unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 84 cohort studies. Support Care Cancer. 2022; 31(1): 18.
TOYSERKANI NM, et al. Seroma indicates increased risk of lymphedema following breast cancer treatment: A retrospective cohort study. Breast., 2017; 32: 102-104.
TURNER L, et al. Radical versus modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl., 1981; 63: 239.
YUAN Q, et al. Identification and Preservation of Arm Lymphatic System in Axillary Dissection for Breast Cancer to Reduce Arm Lymphedema Events: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Surg Oncol., 2019; 26(11): 3446-3454.
ZOU L, et al. The incidence and risk factors of related lymphedema for breast cancer survivors post-operation: a 2-year follow-up prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer. 2018; 25(3): 309-314.