Indicadores antropométricos de um novo evento cardiovascular não fatal: uma revisão sistemática
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Jul 23, 2022
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Objetivo: Identificar preditores antropométricos para o surgimento de novos Eventos Cardiovasculares Não Fatais (ECNF) em indivíduos em prevenção cardiovascular secundária. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO e LILACS e incluídos os estudos de coorte e seguimentos de ensaios clínicos que analisaram a ocorrência de ECNF em adultos e idosos com histórico pessoal de evento cardiovascular. Resultados: Foram incluídos 20 estudos para a síntese narrativa, sendo estes realizados com indivíduos de ambos os sexos, apresentando doenças das artérias coronárias e cerebrais e o índice de massa corporal foi o indicador mais utilizado na predição de novos ECNF. Ao avaliar a qualidade metodológica, apenas sete estudos foram classificados com “forte” nível de evidência. Considerações finais: A presente revisão, identificou o “paradoxo da obesidade” ou seja, o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) elevado como fator de proteção para a ocorrência de novos ECNF, e que, com a abordagem estratificada por estado nutricional e alterações metabólicas esta associação não se mantém, apontando esta abordagem como promissora para a compreensão deste fenômeno.
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NavarroL. N. P., VasconcelosS. M. L., SilveiraJ. A. C. da, CardosoI. B., & FerreiraR. C. (2022). Indicadores antropométricos de um novo evento cardiovascular não fatal: uma revisão sistemática. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 15(7), e10441. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e10441.2022
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Referências
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11. CRONIN O, et al. The association of obesity with cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis, 2013; 228(2): 316–23.
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14. DEARBORN JL, et al. Metabolic syndrome identifies normal weight insulin-resistant stroke patients at risk for recurrent vascular disease. Int J Stroke, 2018: 1747493018816425.
15. FLEG JL, et al. Secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in older adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2013; 128(22): 2422-46.
16. HERDY AH, et al. Diretriz Sul-Americana de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiovascular. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2014; 103(2): 01-31.
17. HUANG K, et al. Association of BMI with total mortality and recurrent stroke among stroke patients: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Atherosclerosis, 2016; 253: 94-101.
18. HUBERT HB, et al. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 1983; 67(5): 968–77.
19. JACKSON N, WATERS E. Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions. Health Promot Int., 2005; 20(4): 367-74.
20. JENSEN MD, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and
The Obesity Society. Circulation, 2014; 129(25): 102-38.
21. KADAKIA MB, et al. Central obesity and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial. Heart, 2011; 97(21): 1782-7.
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23. KUMRAL E, et al. Associantion of obesity with recurrente stroke and cardiovascular events. Revue Neurologique, 2020; 177(4): 414-21.
24. KUWASHIRO T, et al. Predictive role of C reactive protein in stroke recurrence after cardioembolic stroke: the Fukuoka stroke registry. BMJ Open, 2013; 3(11): e003678.
25. LANAS F, et al. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Latin America: the INTERHEART Latin American study. Circulation, 2007; 115(9): 1067-74.
26. LV Y, et al. Five-year prognosis after mild to moderate ischemic stroke by stroke subtype: a multi-clinic registry study. Plos One, 2013; 8(11): e75019.
27. MANSON JE, et al. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med., 1990; 322(13): 882–9.
28. MI D, et al. Impacto of metabolic syndrome on the prognosis of ischemic stroke secondary to symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis in chinese patients. Plos One, 2012; 7(12): e51421.
29. MOHER D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Plos Med, 2009; 6(7).
30. MURPHY A, et al. Inequalities in the use of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease by socioeconomic status: evidence from the PURE observational study. Lancet Glob Health, 2018; 6(3): 292–301.
31. MURPHY A, et al. Socio-economic inequality in the use of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Martin McKee. Eur J Public Health, 2017; 27(3).
32. NIEDZIELA J, et al. The obesity paradox in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol., 2014; 29(11): 801–12.
33. NORRVING B. Long-term prognosis after lacunar infarction. Lancet. 2003;2(4):238-45.
34. NUNES CNM, et al. Impacto de diferentes métodos de avaliação da obesidade abdominal após síndromes coronarianas agudas. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2014; 103(1): 19-24.
35. ORTEGA FB, et al. Body mass index, the most widely used but also widely criticized index: would a gold-standard measure of total body fat be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality? Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91(4): 443–455.
36. OVBIAGELE B, et al. Obesity and recurrent vascular risk after a recente ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2011; 42(12): 3397-3402.
37. PRÉCOMA DB, et al. Atualização da Diretriz de Prevenção Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2019; 113(4): 787-891
38. SARIKAYA H, et al. Stroke prevention - medical and lifestyle measures. Eur Neurol., 2015; 73(3-4): 150-7.
39. SHARMA A, et al. Relationship of body mass index with total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and
myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: evidence from a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc., 2014;
89(8): 1080–100.
40. SIERRA-JOHNSON J, et al. Relation of body mass index to fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events after cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol., 2005; 96(2): 211-14.
41. SIQUEIRA ASE, et al. Análise do impacto econômico das doenças cardiovasculares nos últimos cinco anos no Brasil. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2017; 109(1):3 9-46.
42. SOUZA PAL, et al. Circunferência abdominal como preditor de evolução em 30 dias na síndrome coronariana aguda. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2011; 96(5): 399-404.
43. THAKUR JS, et al. Assessment and barriers to medication adherence for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with coronary artery disease in Chandigarh, India. Int J Non-Commun Dis., 2016; 1(1): 37-41.
44. THE OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2018 [Internet]. Disponível em: http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Acessado em: 15 de julho de 2018.
45. VAN DER LEEW J, et al. The separate and combined effects of adiposity and cardiometabolic dysfunction on the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with manifest vascular disease. Heart, 2014; 100(18):1421-9.
46. VELAZQUEZ G, et al. Obesity impacts mortality and rate of revascularizations among patients with acute myocardial infarction: na analysis of the national inpatient sample. Cureus, 2020; 12(12).
47. VIRANI SS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020; 141(9): e139-e596.
48. WILSON PW, et al. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience. Arch Intern Med., 2002; 162(16): 1867–72.
49. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2008. 47p. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491. Acessado em: 9 de maio de 2020.
50. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Cardiovascular disease. Media Centre. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/#tab=tab_1. Acessado em: 9 de maio de 2020.
51. WU Q, et al. Risk factors of outcomes in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke in china. Aging Clin Exp Res., 2016; 28(4):705-11.
52. YU C-M, et al. Clinical predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction or revascularization who underwent cardiac rehabilitation, and importance of diabetes mellitus and exercise capacity. Am J Cardiol., 2000; 85(3): 344-9.
53. YUSUF S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet, 2004; 364(9438): 937-52.
2. APARICIO HJ, et al. Overweight, obesity, and survival after stroke in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc., 2017;6(6): e004721.
3. ASGARI S, et al. Obesity paradox and recurrent coronary heart disease in a population-based study: tehran lipid and glucose study. Int J Endocrinol Metab., 2016; 14(2): e37018.
4. BANACK HR, KAUFMAN JS. The obesity paradox: Understanding the effect on obesity on mortality among individuals with cardiovascular disease. Prev Med., 2014; 62: 96-102.
5. BARBA R, et al. The obesity paradox in stroke: impacto on mortality and short-term readmission. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis., 2015; 24(4): 766-70.
6. CATAPANO AL, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J., 2016; 37(39): 2999-3058.
7. CENTRE FOR REVIEWS AND DISSEMINATION. University of York. Systematic Reviews: CRD Guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. 2009. Disponível em: http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/pdf/Systematic_Reviews.pdf. Acessado em: 24 de abril de 2017.
8. CHEN C, et al. Analysis of multiple risk factors for the recurrence of nondisabling stroke. J Natl Med Assoc., 2012; 104(7-8): 331-35.
9. CHEN W, et al. Association of Body Mass Index and risk os stroke after acute minor stroke or TIA: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Neurotox Res., 2019; 36: 836-843.
10. COUTINHO T, et al. Central obesity and survival in subjects with coronary artery disease: a systematic review of the literature and collaborative analysis with individual subject data. J Am Coll Cardiol., 2011; 57(19): 1877–86.
11. CRONIN O, et al. The association of obesity with cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis, 2013; 228(2): 316–23.
12. CZERNICHOW S, et al. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: which is the better discriminator of cardiovascular disease mortality risk? Evidence from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 82 864 participants from nine cohort studies. Obes Rev., 2011; 12(9): 680–7.
13. DE LUCA G, et al. Impacto f body mass index on clinical outcome among elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the ELDERLY ACS 2 trial. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, 2020; 30(5): 730-37.
14. DEARBORN JL, et al. Metabolic syndrome identifies normal weight insulin-resistant stroke patients at risk for recurrent vascular disease. Int J Stroke, 2018: 1747493018816425.
15. FLEG JL, et al. Secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in older adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2013; 128(22): 2422-46.
16. HERDY AH, et al. Diretriz Sul-Americana de Prevenção e Reabilitação Cardiovascular. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2014; 103(2): 01-31.
17. HUANG K, et al. Association of BMI with total mortality and recurrent stroke among stroke patients: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Atherosclerosis, 2016; 253: 94-101.
18. HUBERT HB, et al. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 1983; 67(5): 968–77.
19. JACKSON N, WATERS E. Criteria for the systematic review of health promotion and public health interventions. Health Promot Int., 2005; 20(4): 367-74.
20. JENSEN MD, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and
The Obesity Society. Circulation, 2014; 129(25): 102-38.
21. KADAKIA MB, et al. Central obesity and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial. Heart, 2011; 97(21): 1782-7.
22. KERNAN WN, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Stroke, 2014; 45(7): 2160-236.
23. KUMRAL E, et al. Associantion of obesity with recurrente stroke and cardiovascular events. Revue Neurologique, 2020; 177(4): 414-21.
24. KUWASHIRO T, et al. Predictive role of C reactive protein in stroke recurrence after cardioembolic stroke: the Fukuoka stroke registry. BMJ Open, 2013; 3(11): e003678.
25. LANAS F, et al. Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Latin America: the INTERHEART Latin American study. Circulation, 2007; 115(9): 1067-74.
26. LV Y, et al. Five-year prognosis after mild to moderate ischemic stroke by stroke subtype: a multi-clinic registry study. Plos One, 2013; 8(11): e75019.
27. MANSON JE, et al. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med., 1990; 322(13): 882–9.
28. MI D, et al. Impacto of metabolic syndrome on the prognosis of ischemic stroke secondary to symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis in chinese patients. Plos One, 2012; 7(12): e51421.
29. MOHER D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Plos Med, 2009; 6(7).
30. MURPHY A, et al. Inequalities in the use of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease by socioeconomic status: evidence from the PURE observational study. Lancet Glob Health, 2018; 6(3): 292–301.
31. MURPHY A, et al. Socio-economic inequality in the use of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Martin McKee. Eur J Public Health, 2017; 27(3).
32. NIEDZIELA J, et al. The obesity paradox in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol., 2014; 29(11): 801–12.
33. NORRVING B. Long-term prognosis after lacunar infarction. Lancet. 2003;2(4):238-45.
34. NUNES CNM, et al. Impacto de diferentes métodos de avaliação da obesidade abdominal após síndromes coronarianas agudas. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2014; 103(1): 19-24.
35. ORTEGA FB, et al. Body mass index, the most widely used but also widely criticized index: would a gold-standard measure of total body fat be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality? Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91(4): 443–455.
36. OVBIAGELE B, et al. Obesity and recurrent vascular risk after a recente ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2011; 42(12): 3397-3402.
37. PRÉCOMA DB, et al. Atualização da Diretriz de Prevenção Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2019; 113(4): 787-891
38. SARIKAYA H, et al. Stroke prevention - medical and lifestyle measures. Eur Neurol., 2015; 73(3-4): 150-7.
39. SHARMA A, et al. Relationship of body mass index with total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and
myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: evidence from a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc., 2014;
89(8): 1080–100.
40. SIERRA-JOHNSON J, et al. Relation of body mass index to fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events after cardiac rehabilitation. Am J Cardiol., 2005; 96(2): 211-14.
41. SIQUEIRA ASE, et al. Análise do impacto econômico das doenças cardiovasculares nos últimos cinco anos no Brasil. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2017; 109(1):3 9-46.
42. SOUZA PAL, et al. Circunferência abdominal como preditor de evolução em 30 dias na síndrome coronariana aguda. Arq Bras Cardiol., 2011; 96(5): 399-404.
43. THAKUR JS, et al. Assessment and barriers to medication adherence for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease among patients with coronary artery disease in Chandigarh, India. Int J Non-Commun Dis., 2016; 1(1): 37-41.
44. THE OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2018 [Internet]. Disponível em: http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp. Acessado em: 15 de julho de 2018.
45. VAN DER LEEW J, et al. The separate and combined effects of adiposity and cardiometabolic dysfunction on the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with manifest vascular disease. Heart, 2014; 100(18):1421-9.
46. VELAZQUEZ G, et al. Obesity impacts mortality and rate of revascularizations among patients with acute myocardial infarction: na analysis of the national inpatient sample. Cureus, 2020; 12(12).
47. VIRANI SS, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020; 141(9): e139-e596.
48. WILSON PW, et al. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience. Arch Intern Med., 2002; 162(16): 1867–72.
49. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2008. 47p. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241501491. Acessado em: 9 de maio de 2020.
50. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO). Cardiovascular disease. Media Centre. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases/#tab=tab_1. Acessado em: 9 de maio de 2020.
51. WU Q, et al. Risk factors of outcomes in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke in china. Aging Clin Exp Res., 2016; 28(4):705-11.
52. YU C-M, et al. Clinical predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction or revascularization who underwent cardiac rehabilitation, and importance of diabetes mellitus and exercise capacity. Am J Cardiol., 2000; 85(3): 344-9.
53. YUSUF S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet, 2004; 364(9438): 937-52.