Uma abordagem geral do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade: revisão de literatura
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as características do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Revisão bibliográfica: O TDAH é caracterizado por sintomas persistentes e incapacitantes de desatenção e/ou hiperatividade/impulsividade inadequadas à idade. É um dos transtornos neurocomportamentais mais comuns da infância e pode afetar profundamente o desempenho acadêmico, o bem-estar e as interações sociais das crianças. Além dos sintomas centrais, a desregulação emocional (como baixa tolerância à frustração, irritabilidade, facilidade de experiência emocional negativa e labilidade emocional) contribui de forma independente para deficiências funcionais. Considerações finais: O TDAH é a patologia neurocomportamental mais frequente em crianças e adolescentes e apresenta alta prevalência, pois acomete cerca de 5% das crianças em idade escolar, enquanto em adultos a prevalência chega a 7,3% globalmente. É caracterizada por início precoce, uma combinação de comportamento hiperativo e mal modulado com acentuada desatenção e falta de envolvimento persistente na tarefa, e abrangência sobre as situações e persistência ao longo do tempo dessas características comportamentais. As drogas estimulantes, Anfetamina (AMP) e Metilfenidato (MPH) são o tratamento farmacológico de primeira linha para o TDAH e sua eficácia tem sido amplamente demonstrada.
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