Un abordaje general del síndrome de ovario poliquístico: revisión de la literatura
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las características del Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico (SOP). Revisión bibliográfica: El síndrome de ovario poliquístico afecta a mujeres de todas las razas y etnias en edad reproductiva con tasas de prevalencia de hasta el 21 % informadas en una variedad de poblaciones. La patogenia del síndrome de ovario poliquístico por lo general implica resistencia a la insulina, lo que conduce a diversas anomalías cardiometabólicas (p. ej., dislipidemia, hipertensión, intolerancia a la glucosa, diabetes y síndrome metabólico), lo que pone a las mujeres en mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Consideraciones finales: El SOP es el trastorno endocrino más común en mujeres en edad reproductiva. Su diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de hiperandrogenismo clínico y/o bioquímico y en la disfunción ovárica definida como anomalías menstruales (oligomenorrea anovulatoria) y/o la presencia de morfología de ovario poliquístico en la ecografía. El tratamiento del síndrome de ovario poliquístico se basa en un cambio de estilo de vida con pérdida de peso para las mujeres obesas. Además, se pueden administrar anticonceptivos orales combinados y metformina para controlar los síntomas de hiperandrogenismo y resistencia a la insulina.
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