Síndrome de Sjögren Primária: revisão sobre o diagnóstico e a imunopatologia
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Resumo
Objetivo: Descrever o diagnóstico e a imunopatologia da Síndrome de Sjögren Primária (SSP). Revisão bibliográfica: A SSP é uma doença autoimune sistêmica, que promove, principalmente, dano inflamatório nas glândulas lacrimais e salivares, através da infiltração tecidual linfocitária e também pode afetar tecidos extraglandulares. Acerca de sua imunopatologia, sabe-se que as células T e B desempenham papéis igualmente relevantes. Estudos revelam que linfócitos T CD4+ e linfócitos T CD8+, secretam citocinas pró-inflamatórias, tais como o Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e o Interferon gama (IFN-γ), produzidas pelas células Th1 e IL-17, produzida pela célula Th17, que colaboram para a inflamação e danos nas glândulas salivares. Já as células B são responsáveis pela formação de tecido linfoide ectópico e superprodução de autoanticorpos, principalmente de Anticorpos Antinucleares (ANA) e anticorpos anti-Antígeno A (anti-SSA), fundamentais no desenvolvimento da doença. A SSP é diagnosticada usando critérios diagnósticos do American College of Rheumatology (ACR) e American-European Consensus Group (AECG). Considerações finais: A imunopatogenia da SSP envolve a participação de células T, células B, citocinas pró-inflamatórias e autoanticorpos. Melhorar o entendimento sobre a etiopatogenia da SSP é primordial para a elaboração de novos e mais eficazes métodos diagnósticos e a criação de opções terapêuticas inovadoras.
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