Abordagem geral das características da Síndrome de Cushing
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as características da Síndrome de Cushing (SC). Revisão bibliográfica: A SC é ocasionada pela exposição prolongada a altos níveis circulantes de cortisol. A maioria dos casos de SC é mediada exogenamente, através da administração de glicocorticóides. A SC endógena é muito mais rara e apresenta incidência anual de 3 casos por 1.000.000 de indivíduos. A SC endógena ocorre por mecanismos dependentes ou independentes do hormônio adrenocorticotrofina (ACTH). As características comuns SC incluem depósito de gordura centrípeta, estrias abdominais, pletora facial, atrofia muscular, perda de densidade óssea, imunossupressão e complicações cardiovasculares. Considerações finais: A SC constitui um grave problema de saúde com complicações musculoesqueléticas, cardiovasculares e neuropsiquiátricas. Seu diagnóstico é feito através da suspeição clínica e dos testes de triagem: teste de supressão de 1 mg de dexametasona, cortisol salivar noturno ou alto cortisol urinário livre. A terapêutica de escolha para SC é a ressecção por meio cirúrgico da lesão primária que levou ao excesso do cortisol. Além disso, opções farmacológicas podem ser utilizadas em casos nos quais há contraindicação cirúrgica ou de forma adjuvante ao método operatório.
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