Modelos animais para infecção experimental pelo vírus Zika: uma revisão sistemática
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Resumo
Objetivo: Investigar na literatura modelos animais utilizados para pesquisa com o vírus Zika em que haja a possibilidade de quantificação de carga viral e análises histopatológicas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática redigida de acordo com as diretrizes do método PRISMA (2020). Os autores realizaram a busca inicial de artigos nas plataformas PubMed, Embase, Google Acadêmico, LILACS e Scielo. Resultados: Foram encontrados inicialmente 735 artigos, dos quais 27 foram incluídos após avaliação pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Camundongos e primatas não-humanos foram as espécies mais utilizadas (88,89% dos estudos). A cepa viral mais frequente foi a PRVABC59 (Porto Rico, 2015) e, em 77,78% dos estudos, o vírus foi inoculado por via subcutânea. Entre os sinais clínicos mais reportados estão a conjuntivite/secreção ocular, paralisia dos membros inferiores, letargia e postura arqueada. As análises histopatológicas foram feitas principalmente em cérebro e presença de infiltrado inflamatório e degeneração celular foram as alterações mais comuns. Considerações finais: Todos os modelos animais analisados apresentaram manifestações clínicas relevantes da infecção pelo vírus Zika. No entanto, a maior parte dos estudos investiga danos cerebrais, não caracterizando os danos histopatológicos em outros órgãos. Além disso, considerando a ampla biodiversidade de espécies, novos modelos animais podem ser investigados.
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