Efeitos de um programa de treinamento multicomponente em octogenários hipertensos: ensaio clínico controlado aleatorizado
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Nov 22, 2023
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Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de treinamento multicomponente em octogenários hipertensos com relação à aptidão física e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Ensaio clínico controlado aleatorizado aprovado pelo Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC) em que os octogenários hipertensos foram alocados em grupo intervenção (GI, n=14, idade média de 82,6± 2,31 anos) ou controle (GC, n=18, idade média de 84,1±3,06 anos). O GI foi submetido a um programa de exercício físico multicomponente por 12 semanas, já o GC recebeu aconselhamento e orientações de autocuidado com a saúde. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos a testes metabólicos e físicos e responderam ao questionário sobre fragilidade e ao 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) no início e no final da intervenção. Resultados: No GI houve redução da pressão arterial (p=0,050), melhorias na força (p<0,001) e equilíbrio (p<0,001). Foram verificadas melhorias no SF-36 em capacidade funcional (p<0,040) e estado geral de saúde (p=0,007) entre os grupos. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento multicomponente aplicado reduziu a pressão arterial e melhorou a capacidade funcional e o estado geral de saúde. Essa melhora pode ser eficaz para manter a força e recuperar a capacidade dos octogenários hipertensos de realizar atividades da vida diária de forma mais independente.
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Como Citar
CarneiroP. S., & JardimP. C. B. V. (2023). Efeitos de um programa de treinamento multicomponente em octogenários hipertensos: ensaio clínico controlado aleatorizado. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 23(11), e13451. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e13451.2023
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2. ARRIETA H, et al. A multicomponent exercise program improves physical function in long-term nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol. 2018; 103: 94–100.
3. BAPTISTA LC, et al. Exercise training improves functional status in hypertensive older adults under angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors medication. Exp Gerontol. 2018; 109: 82–9.
4. BARBALHO MSM, et al. There are no no-responders to low or high resistance training volumes among older women. Exp Gerontol. 2017; 99: 18–26.
5. BÅRDSTU HB, et al. Effectiveness of a resistance training program on physical function, muscle strength, and body composition in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2020; 17: 11.
6. BERG KO, et al. Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Can J Public Heal. 1992; 83(Suppl 2): S7–11.
7. BRITO AF, et al. High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Promotes Postexercise Hypotension Greater than Moderate Intensity and Affects Cardiac Autonomic Responses in Women Who Are Hypertensive. J Strength Cond Res. 2015; 29(12): 3486–93.
8. CADORE EL, et al. Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians. Age (Omaha). 2014; 36(2): 773–85.
9. CASAS-HERRERO A, et al. Functional capacity, muscle fat infiltration, power output, and cognitive impairment in institutionalized frail oldest old. Rejuvenation Res. 2013; 16(5): 396–403.
10. CICONELLI RM, et al., 1999. Tradução para a língua portuguesa e validação do questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida SF-36 (Brasil SF-36). Rev. bras. reumatol. 1999; 39(3): 143-50.
11. CHODZKO-ZAJKO WJ, et al. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009; 41(7): 1510–1530.
12. CHURCHWARD-VENNE TA, et al. There are no nonresponders to resistance-type exercise training in older men and women. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015; 16(5): 400–11.
13. CLEMSON L, et al. Integration of balance and strength training into daily life activity to reduce rate of falls in older people (the LiFE study): randomised parallel trial. BMJ. 2012; 345: e4547.
14. EL-KHOURY F, et al. Effectiveness of two-year balance training programme on prevention of fall induced injuries in at risk women aged 75-85 living in community: Osseo randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2015; 351: h3830.
15. FISHER JP, et al. A minimal dose approach to resistance training for the older adult; the prophylactic for aging. Exp Gerontol. 2017; 99: 80-86.
16. GENTIL P, et al. Why intensity is not a bad word – Benefits and practical aspects of high effort resistance training to the older. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36(5): 1454-1455.
17. GUIZELINI PC, et al. Effect of resistance training on muscle strength and rate of force development in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2018; 102: 51-58.
18. HHS. Part F. Chapter 9. Older Adults. In: 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Washington, DC:US. 2018. Disponível em: https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/PAG_Advisory_Committee_Report.pdf. Acessado em 20/01/2019.
19. HUNTER GR, et al. Why intensity is not a bad word: Optimizing health status at any age. Clin Nutr. 2018; 37(1): 56-60.
20. IBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas. Coordenação de População e Indicadores Sociais. Gerência de Estudos e Análises da Dinâmica Demográfica. Disponível em https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9109-projecao-da-populacao.html. Acessado em 16/05/2023.
21. LUSARDI MM, et al. Determining Risk of falls in community dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis using posttest probability. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2017; 40(1): 1-36.
22. MACHADO CLF, et al. Acute and chronic effects of muscle power training on blood pressure in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2020; 42(2): 153–9.
23. MALACHIAS MVB, et al. 7a Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016; 107(Suppl 3): 1–103.
24. NAGAIA K, et al. Physical activity combined with resistance training reduces symptoms of frailty in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018; 76: 41–7.
25. NUNES DP, et al. Screening for frailty in older adults using a self-reported instrument. Rev Saude Publica. 2015; 49: 2.
26. ORSANO VSM, et al. Comparison of the acute effects of traditional versus high velocity resistance training on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women. Clin Interv Aging. 2018; 13: 1331–40.
27. PEDERSEN MT, et al. Effect of team sports and resistance training on physical function, quality of life, and motivation in older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2017; 27(8): 852–64.
28. PEREIRA C, et al. Effects of a 10-week multimodal exercise program on physical and cognitive function of nursing home residents: A psychomotor intervention pilot study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018; 30(5): 471–9.
29. PETRELLA M, et al. The effect of a multicomponent exercise protocol (VIVIFRAIL©) on inflammatory profile and physical performance of older adults with different frailty status: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2021; 21(1): 83.
30. RODRIGUEZ-MAÑAS L e FRIED LP. Frailty in the clinical scenario. Lancet. 2015; 385(9968): e7-e9.
31. SAETERBAKKEN AH, et al. Effects of Strength Training on Muscle Properties, Physical Function, and Physical Activity among Frail Older People: A Pilot Study. J Aging Res. 2018; 2018: 8916274.
32. SCHIMITT RP, et al. Effects of a single bout of power exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure in older adults with hypertension: A randomized controlled crossover study. Complement Ther Med. 2020; 54: 102554.
33. SERRA-PRAT M, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention to prevent frailty in pre-frail community-dwelling older people consulting in primary care: A randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2017; 46(3): 401–7.
34. SHERRINGTON C, et al. Exercise to prevent falls in older adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017; 51(24): 1749–57.
35. STEELE J, et al. The effects of 6 months of progressive high effort resistance training methods upon strength, body composition, function, and wellbeing of elderly adults. Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017: 2541090.
36. TAGUCHI N, et al. Effects of a 12-month multicomponent exercise program on physical performance, daily physical activity, and quality of life in very elderly people with minor disabilities: An intervention study. J Epidemiol. 2010; 20(1): 21–9.
37. TARAZONA-SANTABALBINA FJ, et al. A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17(5): 426–33.
38. WHO. World report on Ageing and Health [Internet]. WT 104. WHO: Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 2015: 1–260 p.
39. ZIDÉN L, et al. Physical function and fear of falling 2 years after the health-promoting randomized controlled trial: Elderly persons in the risk zone. Gerontologist. 2014; 54(3): 387–97.