Programação nutricional do desenvolvimento físico e do crescimento ósseo da prole por dieta materna hiperlipídica
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Resumo
Objetivo: Investigar a influência do consumo materno prolongado de dieta hiperlipídica (DH), modelo animal para o padrão alimentar ocidental humano, combinado à obesidade pré-concepcional no desenvolvimento e crescimento da prole. Métodos: ratas Wistar foram submetidas à DH (52% de energia proveniente de gordura - principalmente de banha de porco) ou dieta controle (12% de energia proveniente de gordura) dos 37 dias de vida até o final da lactação. As mães do grupo DH apresentavam obesidade ao acasalamento. Após o desmame, todos os filhotes consumiram dieta padrão de laboratório. O crescimento somático, a maturação física, as avaliações neurocomportamentais, o desempenho locomotor e as medidas cefalométricas lineares da mandíbula (anteroposterior e comprimentos alveolares) e do crânio (diastema e comprimentos alveolares) foram avaliados em ambos os grupos de proles. Resultados: As proles do grupo DH demonstraram latência prolongada no reflexo de geotaxia negativa, erupção incisiva mandibular tardia e reduções notáveis no crescimento somático e em todas as medidas cefalométricas lineares quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Conclusão: A exposição materna prolongada à HD e a obesidade preconcepcional resultaram em atraso do desenvolvimento físico e do crescimento ósseo da prole.
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