Programación nutricional del desarrollo físico y crecimiento óseo de la descendencia mediante una dieta materna rica en grasas
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Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar la influencia del consumo materno prolongado de dieta alta en grasas (DAG), un modelo animal del patrón de dieta occidental humano, en combinación con obesidad preconcepcional en el desarrollo y crecimiento de la descendencia. Métodos: ratas hembra Wistar fueron expuestas a DAG (52 % de energía procedente de grasa, principalmente manteca de cerdo) o a dieta de control (12 % de energía procedente de grasa) desde los 37 días de vida hasta el final de la lactancia. Las madres en el grupo DAG estaban obesas en el apareamiento. Después del destete, todas las descendencias consumieron dieta estandarizada. Crecimiento somático, maduración física, evaluaciones neuroconductuales, rendimiento locomotor y mediciones cefalométricas lineales de la mandíbula (anteroposterior y longitudes alveolares) y del cráneo (diastema y longitudes alveolares) fueron evaluados en ambos grupos de descendencias. Resultados: La descendencia en el grupo DAG exhibió latencia prolongada en el reflejo negativo de geotaxis, erupción tardía de los incisivos mandibulares y reducciones notables en el crecimiento somático y en todas las mediciones cefalométricas lineales en comparación con el grupo control. Conclusión: La exposición materna prolongada a la DAG y la obesidad preconcepcional conducen a retraso en el desarrollo físico y el crecimiento óseo de la descendencia.
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