Desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos da hipertensão arterial em pacientes pediátricos
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Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar os desafios no diagnóstico e tratamento da hipertensão arterial primária pediátrica, considerando a eficácia do diagnóstico, aderência ao tratamento, qualidade de vida, controle da pressão arterial e impacto a longo prazo. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa na base de dados PubMed, utilizando a seguinte estratégia de pesquisa (((Hypertension) AND ((Child) OR (Adolescent)) AND (((Treatment) AND (Diagnosis)) OR (Management))) NOT ((Adult) OR (Newborn) OR (Pregnancy)). Foram encontrados 3075 artigos, no qual foram pré-selecionados 60 artigos após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram removidos 41 após a leitura e análise inicial, totalizando 19 para análise completa. Resultados: Os estudos apontam a relação da obesidade e do sedentarismo com os casos de hipertensão pediátrica. Por se apresentar como uma doença silenciosa e de sintomas inespecíficos, condutas e abordagens tardias podem levar a um aumento dos eventos cardiovasculares. Enfatiza-se as medidas dietéticas com principal abordagem terapêutica, com poucos estudos direcionados a medicamentos utilizados e que sejam confirmadamente seguros. Considerações finais: Evidencia-se a importância da mudança do estilo de vida, além de medidas rigorosas de rastreamento a fim de prevenir complicações futuras.
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