Influência da obesidade nas complicações gastrointestinais
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Resumo
Objetivo: Identificar e correlacionar os principais achados moleculares, fisiológicos e teciduais da obesidade em distúrbios gastrointestinais e hepáticos. Revisão bibliográfica: A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública mundial, no Brasil, segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS, 2020), atualmente mais da metade dos adultos apresentam excesso de peso (60,3%, o que representa 96 milhões de pessoas), com prevalência maior no público feminino (62,6%) do que no masculino (57,5%). A obesidade está diretamente ligada a problemas como resistência à insulina, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão e risco de doenças cardiovasculares, contudo, diversas doenças podem estar subjacentes a esses quadros, principalmente doenças gastrointestinais e hepáticas, sendo assim, entender seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos torna-se essencial para possíveis intervenções médicas. Considerações finais: As complicações e doenças gastrointestinais e hepáticas tornam-se mais acentuadas na obesidade, com uma alta prevalência de refluxo gastroesofágico, esofagite erosiva, esôfago de Barrett, gastrite erosiva, disbiose, diarreia, doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica e até mesmo câncer gástrico. Ainda, as intervenções e diagnóstico precoce refletem positivamente na sobrevida desses pacientes, nesse sentido, o gastroenterologista juntamente com a equipe multidisciplinar possui extrema importância no manejo clínico da obesidade e suas complicações.
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