Coinfecção pela Covid-19 e HIV: Depleção do sistema imunológico e características clínicas em pacientes acometidos
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Feb 27, 2024
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Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica consequências clínicas decorrentes da coinfecção do SARS-CoV-2 em pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (PVHIV). Revisão bibliográfica: A COVID-19 possui uma gama de manifestações clínicas, com sintomas similares aos da gripe (febre, tosse e letargia). Foi constatado que a presença de comorbidades contribuíam para a gravidade da infecção, afetando o sistema imune do indivíduo. Assim, é viável supor que as pessoas com outros problemas de saúde que afetam a imunidade, como a infecção pelo HIV poderiam desenvolver casos mais graves. Analisou-se a existência de consequências clínicas decorrentes da coinfecção da COVID-19 em PVHIV. No geral, os dados sugerem que PVHIV infectadas pela COVID-19 não possuem um quadro clínico que necessite de maiores intervenções do que os indivíduos soronegativos para HIV, mostrando que não a presença do HIV, mas o imunomprometimento pode contribuir para os casos mais graves. Considerações finais: Novos estudos são necessários para investigar a coinfecção entre HIV e COVID-19 com amostragens maiores e que sejam capazes de rastrear os mecanismos de interação entres esses vírus na coinfecção.
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Como Citar
AlmeidaJ. L. N., PadilhaM. D. M., MonteiroJ. C., SilvaA. N. M. R. da, LaurentinoR. V., LimaA. C. R. de, CostaG. de L. C., PereiraK. A. S., SousaR. S. de, & FeitosaR. N. M. (2024). Coinfecção pela Covid-19 e HIV: Depleção do sistema imunológico e características clínicas em pacientes acometidos. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 24(2), e15579. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e15579.2024
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica
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Referências
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12. GERVASONI, C. et al. Clinical features and outcomes of HIV patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020; 71(16): 2276-2278.
13. GESESEW HA, et al. COVID/HIV Co-Infection: A Syndemic Perspective on What to Ask and How to Answer. Frontiers in Public Health, 2021; 9: 623468.
14. GUAN W, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 2020; 382(18): 1708-1720.
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18. KANWUGU ON e ADADI P. HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective. Journal of medical virology, 2021; 93(2): 726-732.
19. KETELS T, et al. Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2022; 38(5): 399-400.
20. KHALIL OAK e DA SILVA KHALIL S. SARS-CoV-2: taxonomia, origem e constituição. Revista de Medicina, 2020; 99(5): 473-479.
21. NAGARAKANTI SR, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and HIV coinfection. Journal of Medical Virology, 2021; 93(3): 1687-1693.
22. NASCIMENTO MVDA, et al. Tempestade de citocinas na COVID-19. Ulakes Journal of Medicine, 2020; 1: 31-34.
23. NASRULLAH A, et al. A case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with COVID-19–A brief review of HIV-COVID Co-infection and its Therapeutic challenges!. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 2021; 34: 101524.
24. ORTIZ-PRADO E, et al. Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2020; 98(1): 115094.
25. PATANAVANICH R e GLANTZ, SA. Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 2020; 22(9): 1653-1656.
26. PATIL M, et al. Mechanisms of COVID‐19‐induced cardiovascular disease: Is sepsis or exosome the missing link? Journal of cellular physiology, 2021; 236(5): 3366-3382.
27. RICHARDSON S, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. Jama, 2020; 323(20): 2052-2059.
28. RIOU C, et al. Relationship of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 responses to COVID-19 severity and impact of HIV-1 and tuberculosis coinfection. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2021; 131(12): e149125.
29. SAH P, et al. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021; 118(34): 2109229118.
30. SSENTONGO P, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 2021; 11(1): 1-12.
31. STOKES EK, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR, 2020; 69(24): 759-765.
32. TAMUZI JL, et al. Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020; 20: 744.
33. TANVEER A, et al. Pathogenic role of cytokines in COVID-19, its association with contributing co-morbities and possible and possible therapeutic regimes. Inflammopharmacology, 2022; 30(5): 1503-1516.
34. THORBORN G, et al. Increased Sensitivity of CD4+ T-Effector to CD4+CD25+ Treg Suppression Compensates for reduced Treg Number in Asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. Plos One, 2010; 5(2): e9254.
35. VIZCARRA P, et al. Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort. The Lancet HIV, 2020; 7(8): e554-e564.
36. WANG D, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama, 2020; 323(11): 1061-1069.
37. WANG J, et al. Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: Review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2020; 108(1): 17-41.
38. XIONG D, et al. Pseudo-likelihood based logistic regression for estimating COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates by gender, race, and age in California. Epidemics, 2020; 33: 100418.
39. YE Q, et al. The pathogenesis and treatment of theCytokine Storm'in COVID-19. Journal of infection, 2020; 80(6): 607-613.
40. ZHAND S, et al. COVID-19: The Immune Responses and Clinical Therapy Candidates. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020; 21(15): 5559.
2. BARBERA LK, et al. HIV and COVID-19: review of clinical course and outcomes. HIV Research & Clinical Practice, 2021; 1-17.
3. BRASIL. Boletim Epidemiológico HIV/Aids. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/aids/pt-br/central-de-conteudo/boletins-epidemiologicos/2023/hiv-aids/boletim-epidemiologico-hiv-e-aids-2023.pdf/view. Acessado em: 22 de janeiro de 2023.
4. CASELLI G e EGIDI V. Gender differences in COVID-19 cases and death rates in Italy. Italian Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine, 2020; 96-99.
5. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION. In: Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2014–2018. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report 2020; 25 (No. 1). Disponível em: http://www.cdc.gov/ hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Acessado em: 30 de maio de 2022.
6. CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevetion, 2021. About HIV. Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html. Acessado em: 26 de janeiro de 2022.
7. COOPER TJ, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients: a systematic review. HIV medicine, 2020; 21(9): 567-577.
8. DUTTA D, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications. Viruses, 2023; 15(5):1117.
9. ELFIKY AA. Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study. Life sciences, 2020; 253: 117592.
10. FARINACCI D, et al. People living with HIV in the COVID-19 era: a case report. AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2021; 37(4): 253-254.
11. GATECHOMPOL S, et al. COVID-19 and HIV infection co-epidemics and their impact: a review of the literature. AIDS research and Therapy, 2021; 18:28.
12. GERVASONI, C. et al. Clinical features and outcomes of HIV patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020; 71(16): 2276-2278.
13. GESESEW HA, et al. COVID/HIV Co-Infection: A Syndemic Perspective on What to Ask and How to Answer. Frontiers in Public Health, 2021; 9: 623468.
14. GUAN W, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 2020; 382(18): 1708-1720.
15. GUARNER, J. Three emerging coronaviruses in two decades: the story of SARS, MERS, and now COVID-19. American journal of clinical pathology, 2020; 153(4): 420-421.
16. HÄRTER G, et al. COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients. Infection, 2020; 48(5): 681-686.
17. ICTV. Virus Taxonomy: The Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses the Online (10th) Report of the ICTV. Disponível em: https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/. Acessado em: 21 de março de 2023.
18. KANWUGU ON e ADADI P. HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective. Journal of medical virology, 2021; 93(2): 726-732.
19. KETELS T, et al. Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed HIV/AIDS. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2022; 38(5): 399-400.
20. KHALIL OAK e DA SILVA KHALIL S. SARS-CoV-2: taxonomia, origem e constituição. Revista de Medicina, 2020; 99(5): 473-479.
21. NAGARAKANTI SR, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and HIV coinfection. Journal of Medical Virology, 2021; 93(3): 1687-1693.
22. NASCIMENTO MVDA, et al. Tempestade de citocinas na COVID-19. Ulakes Journal of Medicine, 2020; 1: 31-34.
23. NASRULLAH A, et al. A case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with COVID-19–A brief review of HIV-COVID Co-infection and its Therapeutic challenges!. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports, 2021; 34: 101524.
24. ORTIZ-PRADO E, et al. Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2020; 98(1): 115094.
25. PATANAVANICH R e GLANTZ, SA. Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 2020; 22(9): 1653-1656.
26. PATIL M, et al. Mechanisms of COVID‐19‐induced cardiovascular disease: Is sepsis or exosome the missing link? Journal of cellular physiology, 2021; 236(5): 3366-3382.
27. RICHARDSON S, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. Jama, 2020; 323(20): 2052-2059.
28. RIOU C, et al. Relationship of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 responses to COVID-19 severity and impact of HIV-1 and tuberculosis coinfection. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2021; 131(12): e149125.
29. SAH P, et al. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021; 118(34): 2109229118.
30. SSENTONGO P, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 2021; 11(1): 1-12.
31. STOKES EK, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance - United States, January 22-May 30, 2020. MMWR, 2020; 69(24): 759-765.
32. TAMUZI JL, et al. Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020; 20: 744.
33. TANVEER A, et al. Pathogenic role of cytokines in COVID-19, its association with contributing co-morbities and possible and possible therapeutic regimes. Inflammopharmacology, 2022; 30(5): 1503-1516.
34. THORBORN G, et al. Increased Sensitivity of CD4+ T-Effector to CD4+CD25+ Treg Suppression Compensates for reduced Treg Number in Asymptomatic HIV-1 infection. Plos One, 2010; 5(2): e9254.
35. VIZCARRA P, et al. Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort. The Lancet HIV, 2020; 7(8): e554-e564.
36. WANG D, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Jama, 2020; 323(11): 1061-1069.
37. WANG J, et al. Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: Review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2020; 108(1): 17-41.
38. XIONG D, et al. Pseudo-likelihood based logistic regression for estimating COVID-19 infection and case fatality rates by gender, race, and age in California. Epidemics, 2020; 33: 100418.
39. YE Q, et al. The pathogenesis and treatment of theCytokine Storm'in COVID-19. Journal of infection, 2020; 80(6): 607-613.
40. ZHAND S, et al. COVID-19: The Immune Responses and Clinical Therapy Candidates. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020; 21(15): 5559.