Importancia de las habilidades en la profesionalización de los preceptores
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar y comprender las competencias del preceptor, a partir de la acción pedagógica dirigida al desarrollo de competencias clínicas. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, directamente con una estrategia, utilizando una combinación de descriptores y operadores booleanos ("Preceptorship" [Mesh]) AND ("Clinical Competence" [Mesh]) utilizados como expresión de búsqueda y con la aplicación de filtros, desde 2018 hasta 2023. Resultados: Se obtuvo un listado de 1.493 artículos, con la aplicación del primer criterio de exclusión, quedaron 173 artículos que contenían información sobre el tema, pero solo 28 fueron seleccionados para el análisis. Las categorías que se destacaron describieron la relación pedagógica entre preceptor y alumno, conceptos y características de la preceptoría y labor del preceptor como facilitador del desarrollo del conocimiento en un ambiente institucional capaz de brindar mayor apoyo al aprendizaje clínico a través de proyectos pedagógicos orientados a la enseñanza de la práctica clínica. Los artículos seleccionados provienen de diferentes partes del mundo, con mayor énfasis en países como Brasil, EE.UU. y Sudáfrica. Consideraciones finales: Papel del preceptor confirma la necesidad del conocimiento que la preceptoría requiere, basado en la pedagogía para el aprendizaje, y contribuye al profesionalismo en las relaciones de trabajo.
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