Asma: uma revisão sobre a fisiopatologia e as novas abordagens terapêuticas

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Ana Clara Ferreira Segato
Luan Linhares de Azeredo Coutinho
Hermínio Maurício da Rocha Sobrinho

Resumo

Objetivo: Descrever a fisiopatologia da asma correlacionando-a com as novas abordagens terapêuticas. Revisão bibliográfica: A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica de caráter heterogêneo cuja manifestação relaciona-se não apenas à quadros atópicos, mas também à fatores como infecções das vias aéreas, envelhecimento e sobrepeso. Apesar da existência de diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos alérgicos e não alérgicos, os sintomas da asma comumente se manifestam na forma de dispneia, sibilância e tosse. A inflamação crônica das vias aéreas é mediada por células e moléculas pró-inflamatórias da imunidade inata e componentes da imunidade adaptativa tais como os linfócitos T CD3+CD4+ (Th1, Th2, Th17). O diagnóstico se dá através da correlação clínica com provas de avaliação da função pulmonar. O tratamento convencional da asma baseia-se no uso de broncodilatadores e corticoides inalatórios. Entretanto, existe uma parcela de pacientes asmáticos cujas exacerbações da doença não são controladas por tais medicamentos. Para esses, é necessário introduzir uma terapia individualizada, avaliando a endotipagem e o uso de terapias biológicas e imunoterapia. Considerações finais: A fisiopatologia da asma está relacionada à ativação do sistema imune, desse modo, compreender seus endótipos, bem como instituir um tratamento baseado no conhecimento dos mecanismos imunopatológicos, são essenciais para a oferta de uma conduta eficaz.


 

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Como Citar
SegatoA. C. F., CoutinhoL. L. de A., & Rocha SobrinhoH. M. da. (2024). Asma: uma revisão sobre a fisiopatologia e as novas abordagens terapêuticas. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, 24(5), e16439. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e16439.2024
Seção
Revisão Bibliográfica

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